How likely is the Supreme Court of India to strike down the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019?

Citizenship Ammendment Act shall be under judicial review by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India shortly as there are more than 144 petitions that have that been filed for ‘test of constitutionality.’

Prima facie, it has nothing to do with any Indian citizen but it's all about the persecuted foreigners from our bordering countries of Pakistan (now divided into two of balance Pakistan and Bangladesh) and Afganistan.


The premise of most of the petitions filed against the law alleges that it's discriminatory & doesn't include Muslims under it’s purview and therefore violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India, where discrimination in the name of religion is not permitted.

Article 14 of the Constitution which ensures equality is applicable for Citizens only.

Article 14 in The Constitution Of India 1949 talks about ‘Equality before law’ - "The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth"

Now Article 14 is well settled with its principles by the Supreme Court of India through various landmark judgments that exist where verdict has been delivered to interpret this particular article.

Here, 'Equals need to be treated equally but unequals can't be treated same as that of equals.' is the doctrine followed.

The details of the same is enumerated in a scholarly legal article below: Ref no (4)

One doctrine has been developed by the Supreme Court in the course of its various judgments in the last 70 years is that there is something called "reasonable classification adduced under intelligible differentia." on which equals will be compared with the equals & unequals will be differentiated upon. Under this same philosophy the reservations for SC, STs are provided.

Under this reasonable classification Haj Subsidy, Minority grants for Muslims for education & welfare activities are provided on the basis of religion. Hindus don't object because they mostly understand & can't be misled.

While Article 14 forbids class legislation, it does not forbid reasonable classification of persons, objects, and transactions by the legislature for the purpose of achieving specific ends.

Firstly, the classification must be founded on the intelligible differentia which distinguishes persons or thing that are grouped together from others left out of the group.

Secondly, the differentia must have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the act.

The issue may be simplified better with examples & circumstances of the litigation.

Now this problem of illegal migrants have arisen due to the partition of India; where only for Muslims; a country named Pakistan was formed to house Muslims separately as per the demand of Muslim league led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah in 1947.

Now Muslims after forming a separate exclusive country for themselves couldn't produce enough prosperity in their own country but had to run to India to find one. That’s another irony.

Pakistan later got divided into two, as balance of Pakistan & new nation of Banglaesh was formed in 1971.

Now people from Bangladesh, Pakistan & Afganistan started to arrive in India primarily due to religious persecution of non Muslim minorities in these 3 countries.

So in reasonable classification the oppressor becomes majority Muslims of the 3 countries, where Islam is the state religion & none of them are secular countries.

So Muslims forms one class as Majority oppressors - Class1 also a beneficiary to have been provided exclusive land as Pakistan

The second class is minorities like Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Parsi & Christians as well, who had to flee these countries due to religious persecution.

Therefore, those above named minorities form another class as oppressed minorities- Class2 also this class had sacrificed land for Muslims by giving away Pakistan but a secular country for themselves where everyone can stay, so more universal & adaptive.

There are eminent person examples available on request in the comments section from all minority communities who are in India & staying as persecuted refugees.

Muslims also came to India in large numbers from our bordering states but not due to any persecution but looking for economic prosperity. Many had come legally but mostly illegally as migrants as alleged.

Therefore, here the object is different, one is for survival, freedom & honour in case of minorities of different religions like Hindu, Sikh, Parsi, Jain, Buddhist & Christians and for the other is only for economic survival ie for Muslims.

Criteria being bordering state, religious persecution & victim of Islamic Majoritarianism for the time being and as & when situation demands other criteria may be added for consideration in the future amendments.

Therefore, class 1 & 2 differentia appears intelligible, identifiable, reasonable & rational; besides the pain, sufferings & loss of all belongings including property that have been snatched from the minorities only because they didn't share the Islamic faith with the majority Islamic community in these countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afganistan.

The greatest evidence is most of the minorities have left their immovable properties in those Islamic countries & have not received any consideration amount or simply couldn't even sell their houses before embarking to India. Post 1971 the refugees are mostly from SC, ST & Dalit communities.

'Honour' word needs to be deliberated further to determine the gravity of the situation as these non Muslim minorities fled the Islamic countries to avoid abduction of their teenage daughters, which was the majority of the reported incidents.

This CAA is therefore a one time legislation; only two basic difference it makes to the original Citizenship Act 1955, is that it brings the cut off date to 31st December 2014 & it reduces otherwise naturalisation time limit of 11 years to 6 years. Both being policy decisions of the Gov't; it can't be challenged in the court.

Citizenship for Muslims still remains open as per the original Act & is not barred by this latest provision.

Majority oppressing minorities in any country is a human rights violations as per the United Nations declaration on human rights & UN minority protection protocols & declarations.

However, minorities are only those who should be in non dominant positions wrt to majority & should be different to majority in language, religion, ethnicity in accordance with international laws.

Therefore, this Citizenship Ammendment Act of 2019 addresses an important human rights issue to serve a very pertinent humanitarian cause of religious persecution of minorities by a majority community.

This bill is under discussion since 2003 under the Chairmanship of the then Home Minister Pranab Mukherjee; further in 2016 the Parliamentary standing committee came out with report on this bill is pasted in the reference below.(2) The notable members of the committee were Mohammed Salim of CPIM, Derek O Brian of TMC, Javed Ali Khan of SP etc, etc.,

All parties including opposition parties to BJP had agreed to this bill earlier to presentation in the parliaments. In fact this bill was passed once in 2016 by Lok Sabha, because BJP didn’t had majority in Rajya Sabha; it didn’t sail through then.



While adjucating legislative action, the judges pay attention in great detail to the intention of the legislature & circumstances of bringing about the legislation and related evidence.

Muslims demanded a separate country of Pakistan for themselves & then not treated the minorities well in their respective countries in accordance with United Nations declaration of human rights & Nehru Liaqat Ali pact of 1950s, because of which a grave situation arises leading to first Assam Foreigners Agitation from 1979 to 1985 where around 1000 plus Assamese people laid their lives; at the same time the majority of oppressors who are Muslims can't ask Indian citizenship, as there remains no humanitarian ground, after having persecuted mainly Hindus & Sikhs.

Oppressed, marginalised victims deserve empathy & not the offender who deserves punishment instead.

The greatest evidence is the drastic reduction of the population of minorities of Hindu, Sikh, Jain Buddhist, Christian, Parsis in those 3 Islamic countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afganistan as shown in the picture above.

Considering the above circumstances & prior agreement by all political parties concerned to the bill, this Act looks quite certain to pass constitutionality.

Therefore, it's quite unlikely that the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India will hold this law as the ultra vires to the Constitution of India & most likely to upheld it.

For more on the background, history, legal opinions of luminaries in the legal field, please Read More:

Reference & Footnotes:

Will the Citizenship Bill stand a constitutional challenge it has a video from Adv Harish Salve & Dr Subramanian Swamy
http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Joint%20committee%20report%20on%20citizenship%20%28A%29%20bill.pdf Parliamentary standing committee report of 2016
Article 14 in The Constitution Of India 1949
Reasonable Classification under article 14 a scholarly article on reasonable classification in conjunction with intelligible differentia
PS: People in the streets have resorted to violence, arson, destruction of properties & human life, this has damaged the prospect of further consideration & sympathy owed due to 'law being taken into own hands' which is illegal.

The premise of any litigation is the petitioner has to 'come to court with clean hands' : the recent riots have damaged this legal eligibility of the plea makers.

Therefore, Supreme Court has refused to stay the act & advised petitioners to approach High court first, these initial rebuttal by Court have also received initial setback for the petitioners.

Best of luck for both the parties.

#JaiHind


https://www.quora.com/How-likely-is-the-Supreme-Court-of-India-to-strike-down-the-Citizenship-Amendment-Act-2019/answer/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80-Shantanu-Chakravarty?ch=10&share=2d6bfadb&srid=HbWH

What is the ultimate aim of ISI, and how can they attain their various objectives in India? What success has so far been achieved by ISI?

Every country has intelligence agencies to look after its own interest & protect it from its enemies; but this one is special & has target to harm it's neighbour; whom it's not possible to geographically alter.

'You can change your enemy but can never change your neighbours' - Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Ultimate aim of the enemies of India is to ensure that whatever is left as Indian Republic after the dreadful violent & bloody partition of India of 1947; gets divided into as many parts as possible. The drawing board work is ready, information dissemination is done & it only awaits implementation on the ground.

To achieve this objective, they have adopted the following strategy to ensure that it's goal is reached within shortest possible time frame.

- Any thing said in favour of the Indian Army & Paramilitary forces - call it 'rhetorics'

- Anything uttered in favour of India & Indian nationalism - term it 'jingoism'

- Any words on unity & integrity of India & it's rich culture of 5000 plus years - call it Hindu supremacist ideology, harp on ideology & 'ideology'

- Declare Modi as Hitler; Shah yet to be named

- Call RSS a Nazi ideology outfit; despite RSS evolved since 1925 & Nazi Germany takes birth much later in 1933

- Make Sardarji jokes & circulate widely to dent the confidence of the brake Sardars, prevent them from encouraging to contribute for India; also promote Khalistan

- Demonise RSS despite RSS being involved in social enhancement activities of school education, disaster relief & building Swami Vivekananda memorial at Kanyakumari & still call it a terrorist organisation without proof

- Sow seeds to prove Hindu terror by hook or by crook only to be proven false by 'We the people of India'

- Call India's independence struggle hero & confined in Andamans in solitary cellular jail for more than a decade Veer Savarkar; a liar & mercy seeker from British

- Build a false narrative that Savarkar coined two nation theory; despite Sir Syed Ahmed Khan coined Two nation theory in Aligarh Muslim University in 1876 much before Savarkar's birth

- Promote narrative, 'RSS killed Mahatma Gandhi' - although RSS was cleared by Supreme Court & don't mind facing defamation suits all over the country

- India becoming a Hindu Rastra; instill fear in the masses; while practically no step taken by Modi in this direction

- Spread the fake news that India is World's largest Beef Exporter, but in fact India is a leading buffalo meat exporter, Beef meat out of Cow is banned in most states in India

- Can't win conventional war with India, so Engage in proxy war by terrorism, bomb blasts, indiscriminate firing on innocents; adopt a policy of 'bleed India by 1000 cuts'

- Promote break India groups & Tukde Tukde Gang & fund them if required

- Target Indian Institutions of excellence like JNU, Jadavpur University, Presidency, BHU, IIMs, IITs, NITs & form groups there in the name of communism & feminism; start drug shops near the campus

- Promote two nation theory of Jinnah & try to give it credence, wherever any incidents take place by altering narrative

- Communalise criminal incidents & link it with Hindu oppression

- Troll patriotic Indians by saying 'check your facts!!!!!!'

- Hide all atrocities & news of rapes etc on majority, make media to remain silent but hype up the antics if any incidents happen on a victim who is a minority

- Whenever the issue of ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits are raised, then call it whataboutary

- Promote successionary movements like Khalistan, Naxals, Nagaland NSCN etc

- Promote en masse the lynchings incidents & blame it on RSS BJP, so far no case filed in Supreme Court & no proof of RSS BJP involvement

- Have immense soft corner for Kashmiri Muslims but avoid to accomodate Rohingyas & never talk about Ueighur Muslims of XinXiang province, China

- India to be converted to Islamic ruled nation through the political ideology of Gawza e Hind; for which use Kashmir as the gateway

- Don't allow India to progress, halt projects like Kudankulam Nuclear Power plant, Mumbai metro etc., in the guise of environment protection through NGOs; organise regular protests

- Vehmently Criticise Indias space & nuclear research programs & every time remind that India is a poor country

- Fund important persons like celebrities, well educated like minded persons to promote Anti India narrative & ensure such people are available in each WhatsUp group

- Promote Caste division in India & blame it on Hindu religion

- Criticise India's statue & memorial projects as they leave permanent imprint of History by saying that 'India is a poor country & it needs schools and hospitals & food for the destitute'

- Create war hysteria & Always war monger & threaten nuclear war on the World & specially against India

- Attack Indian institutes of reverence like Sabarimalai & Tirupati for their immense Worldwide popularity & try to damage them citing human rights, gender discrimination or environmental issues

- Try to show Indian priests like Dayanand Saraswati in poor light, falsely charge him for crimes; follow same principles for Sadhguru, Sadhvi Pragya, Asaram Bapu; don't allow them to spread unifying Indian culture & traditions

- Make films like slumdog millionaire to show India in poor light; excessively reflect poor & destitute India, give it Oscar to popularise India's poverty stricken mass status, so that investors are swayed away from investing in India

- Arrange for big cries in case the victim is minority but keep silent if the oppressor is minority. In the movie Sholay when Sachin died as son of Imam a big crowd gathered to mourn the death but when the entire family of the Thakur murdered, no such public commotion scene shown, like these are being scripted by Salim Javed since 1975 !!!!!! Wake up....

- Downgrade all Indian festivals, like Diwali causes pollution, Shivaratri causes milk wastage, Karva Chauth is gender discriminatory only, why Men don't fast, but animal rights activists are silent during Bakri-ID

- Call all Hindu Gods like Lord Ram, Lord Krishna alongwith Lord Mountbatten, Lord Cornwallis, Lord Curzon, Lord Minto all of whom oppressed Indians

- Organise radical Islamic supporters by invoking religion in every mohalla, pay large sums to the families to engage youths, 'invoke Islam is in danger' assure Jihadis that in case of Sahadat 72 virgins are made available to Fiyadeen strikers

- Call demonitisation of Modi as a utter failure, generate articles by economists, actually demonitisation has caused ISI Hawala trade to collapse, one of the reason for Pakistan's bankruptcy

- Further the narrative, 'Terrorists has no religion' but POTUS Donald Trump declared on 22nd Sept 2019 at HowdyModi event at Texas that all citizens of US & India need to be secured against 'radical Islamic terrorism'

- Criticise Indian texts mainly target Manusmriti & highlight caste system; criticise & make irrelevant most of the Vedic texts through Indian historians like Romilla Thappar, Ramchandra Guha, Devdutt Patnaik in collaboration with Wendy Doniger, Audrey Trushke

- Spread fake news about Kashmir, raise bogey of human rights violations, Demonise Indian Army, give wrong data on Army presence, quote disproportionate figure of 700K or 900K army personnel presence in Kashmir, whereas India's total military strength is 1.4 million. Hide news of Army atrocities of Balochistan, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan

- If one has observed the video of the Fiyadeen Jaish e Mohammed trained terrorist Mohammed Darr, whose accomplices released it post blowing up of Pulwama 40 plusus CRPF soldiers in Feb 19; he clearly says, "Oye Napak Hindustan walo, gai ke pishab pinewaloon, hum tumhe tabah kat denge" - this is actually the message where he hardly speaks of Kashmir or Islam but he targets whole of India to achieve Gazwa e Hind

- Annexe Pakistan occupied Kashmir & Gilgit-Baltistan, change the complete demography, ensure no Koshur speaking Kashmiri is left & then talk of Plebiscite in Kashmir

- It's not Kashmir per se but the entire area has Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh & Gilgit-Baltistan; but promote it as only Kashmir. Although the trouble is only in the Kashmir valley but project it as present in the entire region

- Conduct ceasefire violations only across the LOC sectors of Poonch, Rajouri of Jammu but pass it on as J&K by the media, never attack Kashmir valley LOC

- Avoiding contentious issues of fake currency

- Explore avenues to conduct biological warfare after experimenting in Baluchistan

So far a lot has been achieved in trying to break India, there are various forces acting all across the country in every sphere of life & their presence is wholesomely felt as tremors.

References and Footnotes: Available on request of nice & respectful way without any abuse.

Is it logical to compare Indian PM Narendra Modi with Adolf-Hitler

This uneven & illogical analogy looks like a enemy propaganda invented by their intelligence & it surfaced just after demonetisation; it is reported in some quarters that the entire economy of an enemy country was shattered & specially the illegal Hawala trade suffered great setback☠️👺👻

It is also meant to target Modi & brush him the wrong way🤡

Mind you India's enemies lost Billions of dollars of Hawala currency & were most bitter then 🤡

Those of who look for similarities amongst Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi & German Chancellor of yesteryear Adolf Hitler have shallow knowledge of both the personas:


- Hitler's father was an illegitimate child; whereas Modi's father wasn't.

- Hitler was married & had a spouse Eva Brown during his days in power but Modi is a forced bachelor; having power but without enjoying wife's company https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler

- Hitler rose from being in the military whereas Modi was lost in Karma Sanyas for more than 2 years, later resurrected him in politics

-Hitler had a better background having born in Austria to father who worked in customs service; whereas Modi is from a humble background of tea sellers son & maid mother

-Hitler was leader of Nazi Party & claimed himself to be one of the finest Aryan, whereas Modi's ancestry is OBC of India

- Hitler is a confirmed dictator but Modi is still the constitutionality elected head of the state in India under a functional democracy & he will have to bitterly fight with his opponents in 2019

- During Hitler's time there was no freedom of speech & during Modi's time, we can abuse our own Prime Minister but still can evade jail sentence

-Hitler invented concentration camps & obliterated Jews, Arabs his adversaries; but Modi's opponents are freely roaming on bail & abusing him too

-Had Modi been Hitler that entire opposition, minorities, weaker sections all will be obliterated in line with concentration camps, simply killed & vanished; but no signs of it as of now.

-Hitler emulated none and hence was an original, one of the first of its kind. As a mark of respect, even if Narendra Damodardas Modi tries his best to emulate Adolf Hitler; he can at the best be a copy & not original, however, one who emulates can never match the original, therefore not comparable

-Yes both are popular, both evoked unprecedented nationalism in their respective countries

-In true sense of dictatorship Narendra Modi is too far away from dictatorship; this is true because till now there is no FIR or Writ Petition pending in any Courts of Law; where subversion of constitutional cardinal principles have been alleged to have been committed by Modi or his party

-Nazi party's policy was true socialism, but what Modi has offered so far is a bag of mixed economy

-Hinduism is not a monolithic religion that can be easily equated with National Socialist ideology. Actually Hindu is not a religion per se according to the Supreme Court of India 1995. And the very qualities of the Indian democratic system that make some Indians at times wish for an authoritarian leader—expanse, complexity, inefficiency of governance, and the need to get approval from many different people—will turn out to be the qualities that will stand in the way of any saffron Hitler.

-Don't forget After 3 decades of coalition compulsions & confusions Narendra Modi has provided a steady & stable Governance, this was missing since 1989 after Rajiv Gandhi's tenure; (when every other day Gov't was in danger of falling)

so can it be equated with Nazi Supremacist Hitler's regime to even draw a parallel🤔


References & Footnotes:

Adolf Hitler | Biography, Rise to Power, & Facts
Nazi Party | Definition, Meaning, History, & Facts
Mumbai Mayor Compared Modi To Hitler. How Far Is Her Comparison From Truth?
https://www.sikh24.com/2014/05/1... 10 Similarities between Modi & Hitler
Stop comparing Modi to Hitler—India is hardly Weimar Germany


The WhatsUp post that keeps circulating, the response as above is rebuttal to the post:

*Hitler ruled Germany 'n nearly destroyed it*. _The following are some of his characteristics_ :

1. *Hitler did not marry.*
2. *Hitler had a belief that people of a certain religion were enemies of the nation.*
3. *Hitler’s supporters could not tolerate any criticism of Hitler.*
5. *All types of media e.g. newspapers, magazines were used to promote him.*
6. *He crushed all his opponents and would always call them anti-nationals/traitors.*
9. *Hitler’s campaign promise was that he would end all problems in a jiffy.*
10. *No problems were solved after he came to power, but he certainly managed to destroy Germany.*
11. *His campaign slogan was – "gute tage kommen" (good days will come).*
14. *Hitler used to love dressing up to look good.*
15. *Hitler had the consummate art of making lies look like truth.*
17. *Hitler used to love giving speeches on Radio.*
19. *Hitler always used in his speeches “Freunde, Brüder und Schwestern” (friends, brothers and sisters).*
20. *Hitler used to love getting photographed.*

-----------------------------------
_P.S: This post is just about Hitler._
_Any similarities with characters living or dead are purely coincidental / accidental. If you feels that this has any resemblance to anybody else, you can blame it on your own imagination._

Is the terms of Minority & Majority be decided in accordance with communities or should it be individual need based??

If the Question is like "In which countries are Muslim minorities seen in a good light?"

My impulsive answers is; nowhere else but in India , India, India !!!! Is that really so check it out!

Majority Minority Majority Minority, G Major, A Minor B sharp G ……… Hindu, Hindu, Hindu….that is…..

These looks like Majoritarian sound bites in a Minority Orchestra!!!!

Limited studies & research on Islamic jurisprudence reveals that there are two political concepts prevalent from the time of Prophet Mohammed, that Dar Al Islam is the land where Islam is in majority and power & don't naturally require vigorous propagation of Islam & Dar al Harb is the land (Dar means abode) which is the place of jihad (Islamic duty imposed on adherents), where Islamic followers are in minority. Here followers of Mohammed are supposed to spread Islam through Jihad. For more read Britanica article.

Dār al-Islam | Islamic political ideology

Now behaviour of Muslims will depend upon the status of theirs in the land, whether Dar Al Islam or Dar al Harab. Wherever Islam is in minority, they are supposed to engage in Jihad in accordance with religious injunctions.

Therefore it would matter whether those minority Islam practitioners are following ideological dictates or not. If majority of the Muslims in a land not governed by Islam, where the Muslims are in minority choose to remain peaceful, then it's an exception.

And this exception may be India, Australia, New Zealand etc., in order for Muslims being seen in good light, low profile & peacefulness needs to be demonstrated.

Dawoodi Bohra Shia Community of Mumbai is one such example, who are seen in very good lights in Mumbai. They have displayed extraordinary calm & composure since the time they arrived from Yemen. Contributed greatly to Mumbai in particular, their Saifee Hospital is state of the Art & has great facilities. (Pic below)


Indian Muslims are therefore different & not mirror image the rest of the World. Despite massive provocation there remains minimal radicalism.

Any Civilisation, culture, tradition, customs, religion is subject to the evils of distortion. Good & evil coexist side by side, it depends how & to what extent one gets influenced by either of them. To the ordinary understanding of the susceptible masses, maintaining equanimity & even mindedness is extremely difficult.

Srimad Bhagavad Gita says quite appropriately about this phenomenon :

Srimad #BhagavadGita

Happiness & Distress, heat & Cold etc., as experienced by senses are TEMPORARY in nature: learn to TOLERATE them🌷🙏🌹🚩🇮🇳🏵️💐🌺

ShankhyoYoga Ch2V14#FridayFeelinghttps://t.co/G8IJFoTMhI pic.twitter.com/f32wOvfdg1

— சாந்தனுChakravarty 🇮🇳 (@Shantanu_KP786) August 24, 2018
Like this Sati, Caste System, Triple Talaq, Nikah Halala, Polygamy, Confessions by the subjects to the Bishops in Churches; believe are all examples of distortion of the societal customs, manipulation by the powerful for their own advantage & in the process victimising someone innocent, is habitual recurrent occurance.

Building up of narratives is considered to be a kind of an art in these days of yellow journalism, to which social media is equally a great formidable obstacle (পথের কাঁটা) but!!!!

History is the witness to the fact that, when something happened & something else was propagated for public consumption. The truth was a secret & remains to be one, the version suitable to the speaker or propagators or प्रचारक is always spoken & hardly otherwise. Rarely any examples of self incriminating versions have succeeded in coming out in the open. No one easily admits to its own gulit.

So whenever any information comes out in the public domain then assume that the matter suits somebody powerful & therefore it has made its way into the open, otherwise there are host of forces who are constantly acting to suppress the truth!

The same trend continues even today although with the advent of Internet, BlackBerry, iPhone, Android, WhatsUp, Facebook, Twitter, Google etc., it has become far more easier to dupe gullible innocent masses, on the contrary it has become equally difficult a task to spread fake news & build a false narrative for the informed & intelligent class. But what ultimately matters is who is minority & who is majority and how one's evil purpose needs to be served. If majority is susceptible then misguide them with fake narrative & stay cool.

That's why one would find that the majority is poor & illiterate and only miniscule of the population has got access to money, quality education in Indian context. That's why all the Governments in the past tried to ensure that minority remain elites & they stay indifferent to the affairs of the state. Creation of disparity is key to political success as the remaining gullible population is available in abundance for easy manipulation.

Muslims claim minority status in India but if we closely examine the ground situation, facts & figures, then we come across the following :-

Islam is ranked second most practiced religion the World over, only second to Christianity.

List of religious populations - Wikipedia

Islam is in overwhelming majority in at least 24 countries in the World & they are more than majority in 57 countries.

Organisation of Islamic countries has 57 members out of which all except Palestine, rest are the members of the United Nations(UN) with a voting power each.

Saudi Arabia heads the Human rights council (UNHRC) elected by 127 members of the UN. The very powerful body as far as the work of raising voices against any kind of discrimination & violation of human rights are concerned !

Islam - Wikipedia

So Islam is overwhelmingly majority community; that is an established fact across the globe & capable of exerting colossal political pressure even in an international level.

Islam itself is a divine idea but how far it can avoid the wreath of evil forces, how far it can resist the forces of manipulation, how far it can prevent destruction within itself is a matter of evaluation & research.

Today World has 7.6 Billion human beings & Islam constitutes around 2 billion which means that the Islamic adherents are 26.3% of the Earth. So it can be easily assumed that Muslims constitute anything 25 to 30% of the population in total.

Universal declaration of Human Rights is applicable for those class who are persecuted, suppressed, oppressed, helpless, destitute, disabled, handicapped but certainly not for those who can exert Global pressure.

The concept of minority protection arises when the majority community is truly dominant not only by numbers but also in terms of political prowess, on the other hand minorities are unable to exercise ordinary human rights, unable to resist oppression, unable to resist discrimination, unable to offer resistance to biasness, unable to confront arbitrariness, unable to defend lives & faces ethnic cleansing for not being offered adequate representation or close to proportional representation in the political hierarchy & therefore faces horror of being extinct or decimation or being rendered powerless as a consequence!!!

But ask any Indian Muslim, who are there for centuries, none would like to leave the mother India for reasons of more comfort in these matters of social, political & democratic rights that they enjoy in India. There are no exodus of Muslims of India to the other Muslim nations & on the contrary the reverse is true that Muslims from neighbouring countries of Bangladesh & Pakistan are relocating to India for their needs of economic prosperity. Assam agitation is deep rooted on this very cause of large scale infiltration across the international borders.

Today Assam has got 9 out of 30 districts Muslim Majority, West Bengal 3 out of 23 and Kerala 1 district is confirmed Muslim majority, entire Kashmir valley is Muslim majority. And if indications on the population growth are to be predicted then the district wise trend is Assam, West Bengal, Kerala & many more districts elsewhere in the country are in the verge of becoming Muslim majority!

However, solely Muslim majority phenomenon is actually not core issue. Indian Muslims are mostly converted & generally they are peace loving, especially if you closely observe the records, the Dawoodi Bohra Shia Community, it has displayed exemplary mass behaviour & there are many other Muslims from other castes & strata who have contributed to the nation building.

India has produced great Muslims in the gigantic persona of APJ Abdul Kalam who went on to make from the deadliest weapons of nuclear missiles to extra ordinary space vehicles, thereby provided immense defense capabilities to India. He was a bachelor, vegetarian, memorised all 722 verses of Srimad Bhagavad Gita, lead a simple ordinary life, left only intellectual assets behind & nothing materialistic in nature. He was the symbol of true secularism that India wishes to profess.


Yet another celebrated Indian is Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, despite having Arabic ancestry & being a devout Muslim he refrained from joining Jinnah’s Pakistan but preferred to become the first education minister of independent India in Pandit Nehru's cabinet, he gave IITs; which every Indians today are proud of & is a matter of reverence! Neighbors envy, Owners pride!!!


In the Bollywood the celebrity list is dominated by the leading actors many of whom are practicing Muslims. Shahrukh Khan is a non practicing, Salman Khan celebrates Holi, Ganpati & Dewali at home, Amir Khan is twice married but both times to Hindu girls, Saif Ali Khan is still a Nawab, irrespective of whether Gov't of India acknowledges or not; married to Amrita Singh & now Kareena Kapoor, both belonging to Hindu community. So religion is a non issue in Bollywood.


Traditionally in India since 18th century, there has been peace, amity, brotherhood amongst all religious communities. Religion is not a core issue here & actually as more & more days pass by it would become a thing of the past. Religion shall fail to evoke sensibility & translate into votes per se!!!!

However, due to evil actions of the few who are in minority, people view Muslim community with some non benevolent sense; this may be improper generalisation. Like in Pakistan tax compliance is at the minimum level & current PM Imran Khan is hell nerved for it & struggling [2] It doesn't mean Muslims avoid tax!!!

So the crux of the issue here is, minority action of the few in the Muslim community is attracting ire of the masses, that may be a kind of biased judgmental attitude of the majority. But in certain cases this is inevitable, unavoidable, irrestible for susceptible masses!!!

On the other hand if you research & have a close look at the Parsis as what is their track record being only 50 to 60 thousand in numbers in India. You may discover the following astonishing facts.

Parsis are considered as lights of India, although they are not the original inhabitants of India & was persecuted & driven out of Iran(Persia) but Parsis have adopted Indian culture & regarded it as their home. Parsis displayed immense patriotism for mother India & their contributions are enormous.

Dr Dinshaw Vachha was one of the founders of Indian National Congress, Dr Dadabhai Naraoji had greatly contributed in India's freedom struggle & inspired many including Bal Gangadhar Tilak & Bapu Mohandas.

In the Judiciary Nani A Palkiwala, Soli Sorabjee, Fali Nariman are celebrated jurists, India is fortunate to have them.

In the field of Engineering Khursheed Nariman has a major contribution & he gave India the Nariman point in Mumbai, which is one of the greatest tourist attraction & offers one of the most expensive commercial property in the World.

In the field of India's defense establishment the country has produced one of the greatest patriot & soldier in the form of Field Marshall Sam Jamshedji Manekshaw, who comprehensively defeated the enemies & created a new independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971.


As far as India's industrial revolution is concerned; Parsis are the major contributors, Sir Jamshedji Tata has given India's first modern steel plant & the legacy is uninterrupted through Sir JRD Tata & radiant lights being carried by his excellency Ratan Tata. Shapoorji Pallonji group is India's numerous uno organisation in the field of Engineering & Construction today as per the latest Construction India ratings of 2018. Shapoorji group is 3rd generation Parsi entrepreneurs of India. Tatas & Shapoorji's are amongst the few organisations in India which have least debt from the public sector banks & mostly run on debt free principle. They have affected to the least on to the major financial banking crisis of the recent past (Nirav Modi fame) & major constributor in the fiscal discipline of India as an exception & in an exemplary manner.

But surprisingly if you closely observe Parsis have no political representation in India's Governance organs, no MPs, no MLAs and if you go further they don't seek doles, grants, charities from the Gov't of India. On the other hand Parsis are one of the major tax payers, very complaint law abiding Citizens, if you approach them with clean hands they might financially help you instead. There is a common practice prevalent amongst the Parsi community to provide for an family accomodation to the newly married Parsi couples in south Mumbai; one of the costliest residences in Asia.

In one of the startling revealations it was found that the Hindus are minority in eight Indian states & don't enjoy minority status & previleges. These states are Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Lakshadweep & Mizoram. This is a serious violation of fundamental rights & this practice is ultra vires to the Constitution of India. It speaks adversely to India's minority policy.

India therefore although claimant to the fact of offering the best comfort to its minorities including Hindus, But NO correction previleges to all except Hindus. Yes Hindus can claim oppression, ethnic cleansing from Kashmir valley, persons non grata as minorities in no less than 8 Indian states, a second class citizen in the rest. That's the ultimate result & culmination of Hindu decimation due to Vote Bank Politics!!!!!

Therefore, all these majority & minority songs that are played out of tune, spoiling the national orchestra & indeed disturbing the social fabric of the nation. Only thing it is contributing to is promotion of thevVote Bank politics, which is in a way extremely damaging to the polity & Governance of the country.

This is the reason being as to why Rohingya Muslim refugees of Myanmar is being tacitly accomodated in Jammu, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, by exerting international pressure, who are otherwise actually being deported by their own Saudi Arabia; this misplaced attempt to alter demographics is a serious trend needs urgent reversal. So it boils down to even Rohingya Muslims feel India is a better place, even though the big brother Muslim country Saudi Arabia deports them.


In order that India progress, it's not that a particular community that has to outnumber the other, since minority, secularism, democracy are all subject to gross misuse, therefore this number game democracy becomes unsustainable because of its intrinsic flaws & course correction is inevitable by the coming generation if not now or later.

Comparative studies reveal that today :

Muslims are around 200 million which is 15.38%
Chritians are 30 Million which works out to 2.3% &
Parsis are 0.006% of India's population,
only tussle is taking place with Muslims due to their substantial political power but equally social backwardness, whereas Christians, Zorastrians, Jains, Sikhs have no major issues.

Actually LGBTi population is half a million in India & since they don't make a formidable vote bank, no one is advocating effectively about their interests and rights, number being 0.04% of 1.3 Billion Indians.

United Nations in its Universal declaration of human rights has not prescribed any threshold figure for quantitative determination of minorities not has constitution of India has a definitive provisions for it, only thing both agrees that the group wishing to receive minority previleges should be incapacitated, disabled or disadvantaged & not otherwise!!!

Therefore it's not the quantity but quality that matters, as to determine who is indeed eligible to receive minority previleges!!! Isn't it???

Hence, India will certainly insist upon producing quality citizens & shall get rid of quantity concept sooner or later. Benefits & previleges should necessarily be on the basis of quality & not quantity, underprivileged status should be judged on the basis of individual incapacities rather than collective incapability.

Therefore, quantative judgement of minorities & not a qualitative judgement are all absolutely inappropriate, suicidal, flawed, abject, a predujiced notion & it calls for extremely urgent reformative process to be initiated in the right earnest.

Hope you have understood the position of Hindu minorities in India itself, what is it other than gross injustice & travesty of justice???

References & Footnotes:

[1] Saudi Arabia grilled over human rights record at UN council

[2] Pakistan PM Imran Khan’s new problem: How to get people to pay taxes 208 Million Pakistanis

[3] Hindus are a minority in these 8 Indian states

Photo Credit: Google

Why should India reject Unsolicited, abject & prejudiced report of UN on Kashmir

What does Balaji Vishwanathan think about recent UN Report on Kashmir?
What constitutes UN today & more so it's Human Rights organisation?

57 members of OIC or Organisation of Islamic Countries has support of Pakistan's illegitimate demand on Kashmir. UN has today 47 Islamic countries & human rights organisation headed by Saudi Arabia.

reports Pakistan's Dawn newspaper.

It's the idea of Pakistan to mobilise & garner support for its occupation of Kashmir through various international forums like OIC, UN etc., & propagated through the World liberal media. This strategy adopted after Pakistan failed to achieve any positive results through self imposed 4 wars & thereafter proxy war with Indian since 1989.

None of OIC & UN are likely to support India's cause & there is high probability of manipulation of the reports of any kind by the mainstream media with the POTUS Donald Trump calls them as fake. Their biasness towards Islamic Republic of Pakistan is bound to influence any kind of narrative.

Kashmiris were kept in complete darkness, while Pakistan initiated attacks on India in the name of Kashmir for all four wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 & in 1999.

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This week 71 yrs ago in #Kashmir
"They shot everyone who couldn't recite the kalima "- Muslim declaration of faith. "Many non-Muslim women were enslaved, while many others jumped in the river to escape capture."
Gohar Rehman,1 of the #Pakistan supported #Islamist invaders, to BBC

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Today Pakistan has realised that they can't engage in conventional direct wars against India more so after the entire Karachi port was destroyed by Indian Navy on 4th December 1971 in a daredevil operation. Indian Navy & therefore celebrates Navy Day every year on 4th December.

Therefore as an alternative to direct conventional war Pakistan has adopted a strategy by resorting to proxy war through continuous ceasefire violations across LOC, Terrorists attacks like Mumbai 26/11 of 2008 & countless bomb blasts across the country during Congress rule. The Terrorists had false confidence in Congress that it may not take stern action or if India is ruled by Congress then India will not cross the LOC while attacking Pakistan.

Further all violence in Kashmir is Pakistan sponsored as per the ground report, like in all the conventional wars of 1947 to 1999, the true Kashmiris are not involved. Terrorists from across the border infiltrates in Kashmir & against which the Indian Army launches operations.

Human rights is not applicable for terrorists, this idea has gained momentum after 9/11 terror attacks on Manhattan, World Trade Center, USA.


Therefore, ordinary people of Kashmir are not involved in any kind of Terrorism, Kashmiris today are looking for Nizam e Mustafa through Panchayati Raj system, a secular, grass root level democratic system of India which will ensure basic, cardinal & Fundamental Human rights, Freedom of Speech & expression, Individual rights, Right to education, Women empowerment & true free will at individual level by which each person in Kashmir can exercise their political, social & democratic rights.

So the fight of the Indian Army is against the Terrorists from across the border & the ground report suggests it has nothing to do with the genuine people & citizens of Kashmir, Jammu & Ladakh.

Considering the above circumstances it's quite unlikely that any Human Rights report generating out of UN shall be free from Bias towards Pakistan's day dream of owning Kashmir as a colony like Belochistan.

Kashmiris with all their conscience, unlikely to fall prey to such vindictive, overtly prejudiced propaganda towards India & good advice to Pakistan is to give up its illegal, illogical, unreal, impratical & imaginary claim on Kashmir which will ever remain an integral part of India.

People of Kashmir has many times rejected Pakistan in various forums & Pakistan to maintain its own dignity should give up the very idea of owning Kashmir through fraud & deceit.

The actual fact of the matter is genuine Citizens if Kashmir, Jammu & Ladakh are becoming victims of Pakistani General's day dreaming misadventures since 1947 for no fault of theirs. KashmiriPundits were driven away in 1989 by Afgan Rebels or Mujahideens post Afgan war for which the Kashmiris are repentfull.

Therefore, in the entire Kashmir conflict the original inhabitants are the real victims of severe human rights violations & India need to address the real issue of Human rights violations of Kashmiris appropriately & not otherwise. This has got nothing to do with Pakistan.

The affairs which has got something with Pakistan is the Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) where the actual power is with Rawalpindi, the Kashmiri people have no political power, no social power, no democracy, no freedom of religion, no secularism, no freedom of speech, neither free will of individuals can be exercised. The PoK is awefully underdeveloped compared to Indian side. The devastating aftermath of earthquake of 2005 has not been overcome after due reconstruction & rehabilitation. Lands in the PoK are being acquired forcibly by Pakistan. Therefore there are more Human rights violations & issues in PoK, however UN reports mention bare minimum & anything worth mentioning about PoK. The major issues are overlooked, therefore biased, abjectly prejudiced as rightly claimed by India.

UN report on Kashmir issue is thus indeed a motivated & lop sided with no adequate reference to PoK, most importantly as it has no connection with the free individual will of Kashmiris, which is above everything else in this conflict.

Right of self determination has lost its purpose after lapse of decades, Pakistan never withdrawing from PoK, Pakistan giving away lands to China without consulting Kashmiris, China occupying Akshai Chin and over & above Pakistan is signatory to Shimla agreement & till date failed to deny the agreement inked by Julfikar Ali Bhutto with Indira Gandhi, where decided that post 1972 everything shall be bilateral & UN has no role & therefore UN report is unsolicited.

Therefore the current situation perfectly fits the Chinese proverb as;

“If your face is ugly, you can't blame the Mirror”

Photo Credit: Google

Was Partition of India a failure?

Quora question: " Was Partition of India is failure as India has more Muslims than Pakistan"

It's was never a question of how many Muslims live in India, therefore success of partition of India shall never depend upon the quantity but definitely quality.

It's not possible to separate Hindus & Muslims by any kind of partition; those Muslims who live in India in fact had rejected partition & Pakistan both. Many have never seen Pakistan till now.

It is obvious that population of India shall exceed that of Pakistan because Bangladesh having 90% Muslims have been curved out of Pakistan in 1971 immersing two nation theory in the Bay Of Bengal.

In this context it's important to rehearse the true story & background of Partition of India.

In the end please assess for yourselves the outcome of partition & what it was meant for & what it actually delivered.

Bharat is known as the land of Sindhu or colonised term Indus and the name India was given to us by others for the people who stayed in the East of the Sindhu river till Indian Ocean; if you jump to Indian Ocean & beyond then it's Lanka.

According to Vedic texts it transcended from Afghanistan to Malaysia, Kashmir to Kanyakumari but according to some it was Tibet to Kanyakumari. Reference of Tibet is found in the instrument of accession that Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir signed with India. [1]

Before Partition of India it was a loose conglomerate of 584 princely states & main land of Provinces as described in Gov't of India Act 1935. The western limit started from Balochistan to Chittagong and Northern from Kashmir to Kanyakumari in the south.

Major disadvantage amongst the various political forces was the disunity among the rulers. Religion was not a big issue then; people were tolerant of each other & respected the individual cultures, traditions amongst all & cohabiting in a peaceful coexistence.

However Britishers did survey & census & found minute differences amongst communities & looked for the fault lines under microscopic view.
University of Oxford was asked to study & scholars were appointed to complete the research.

Max Muller propounded the Aryan - Dravidian theory & gave to authorities but the response from the ground was not encouraging despite high voltage propaganda.

Then Religious angle was studied & found after Sanatana Dharma followers, Muslims are the major political force. But there is a general cohesion of Bharatiya or Hindutva culture prevailing all across the communities, difficult to break, the same is happening now as Hindutva resurgence occurs, everybody feeling nervous. In the first & foremost attempt Muslims & Christians who otherwise love India & Indian culture is being attempted to being dithered away.

Countering this united Indian ethos was difficult & everyone was having a subconscious connection with the motherland India. That's Hindutva a unifying, intrinsically secular force, being tried to be consigned to flame to make it ashes, even today.

But congregation of all Sanatana Dharmic disciples of too many diverse traditions & rituals were difficult as within them there were several sects but with some strange commonality, which was nothing but Hindutva or Indianess.

So Hindu term was coined in 1868 finally for administrative convinience by none other than British.

Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 by British by Mr Hume & right in the initial days it was dominated by the Hindus & Parsis, so British formed Muslim league in 1906 in Shimla & thereafter finally at Dhaka to counter it & give more predominant space to Muslims.

British felt that to contain Indian prowess & restrain it from becoming Superpower, it is a requirement to divide India & for that best bet is for Hindus to be pitted against Muslims & for that they started to enthuse the weaker group of Muslims with all kinds of ecouragement & support.
Muslim constituencies were created & funding support was provided by directly paying to Muslim League by the British from the coffers of Princely states. However they found one great difficulty, which is even valid as of today, ie, lack of quality leaders amongst Muslims. So British started head hunting, they interviewed the locals leaders intensely; but was not satisfied & ultimately had to recall the oldest lawyer Quaid e Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah from England. Jinnah's problem however was that he was not absolutely passionate about Islam but reluctantly agreed to, in the end, to cooperate. The circumstantial evidence behind this statement is Jinnah was never jailed or sent to single cell Kalapani, Andaman by the British anytime, ever!

Jinnah started negotiating with Gandhi-Nehru duo - the Hindu representative Congress, demanded lot of things but settled for less as usual in any deal.

Talks of Independence of India started to gather momentum.

British won the IInd World War in 1945 but become penniless & unable to contain the trouble they themselves created on the ground in India.
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose had formed Azad Hind force & with the help of adversary Japan, he was progressing towards eastern border of Manipur, Naval Mutiny took violent turn taking leaf out of 1857 sepoy Mutiny, which was India's first battle for Independence.
British then presuming premonition of impending danger decided to quickly leave India & passed Indian Independence Act of 1947. British didn’t bother much about Gandhiji’s antiques and actually enjoyed it being a good diversion. This is as per the admission of Hon'ble Clement Attlee then PM of the UK in Calcutta after Independence of India. [2]

Therefore, Gandhi gave us freedom is one of the biggest propaganda & lie fed to us through innumerable mediums including history text books for children, but elders in the house when they discussed used to curse Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in a very bitter language.

Initially during the independence of India negotiations it was proposed by Choudhury Rahmat Ali; again an English educated lawyer in 1933 about PAKSTAN, here “I” was missing from PAKISTAN. He demanded in his explosive leaflet headlined 'Now or never' to express deep anguish & agony of decimation & discrimination of Muslims dominated by Hindus in Independent India. Here as PAKSTAN only western areas of India like Punjab, Khyber Pakhstunwala, Kashmir, Belochistan, Northwest Frontier Province, Sindh will form separate federation with Muslims to rule as Federal sovereign Islamic entity. Bengal was not in contention.

Partition of India became inevitable after the cabinet mission plan of British failed in 1946 to have a undivided India with Muslim suzernaity over the areas where it dominates. Jinnah declared Direct action plan & under the authority supported pogrom ( HM Swahawardy then PM of Bengal spearheaded it; here it may be interesting to note that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the first President of Bangladesh was a favourite disciple of Swahawardy & then was an undergraduate budding student in the Calcutta's Islamia College at Rafi Ahmed Kidwai road, now Maulana Azad College).
In this pogrom in Calcutta & Noakhali more than 20000 Hindus were killed on 18th August 1946 onwards. [3]

'Vultures of Calcutta': The Gruesome Aftermath of India's 1946 Hindu-Muslim Riotsa Time Magazine report. [3]

Thereafter, it was agreed by Congress after long deliberations that, Partition of India will take place on religious lines, all Muslim majority areas will go to Pakistan & all Hindu majority areas will remain in India.

Jinnah demanded entire Punjab, Balochistan, Kashmir, North West Frontier Province, Khaiber Pakshtunwala, Entire Bengal & North East to be part of Muslim Pakistan.

The basic underlying idea or the hidden agenda was to take all riverine fertile agriculture lands of river valleys & deltas in the name of Muslim majority. Chief reason being agriculture was the mainstay of Indian economy & British thought it's the best way to cripple India before leaving.
If you closely look at the India's demographic, no area is available in Akhand Bharat which was totally either Muslim free or Hindu free. Both the communities are so closely knit & stay side by side that even today it's impossible to visit an area & Burqa clad women will miss your sight.
But it was not to be & India had to be divided by hook or by crook. Therefore the Lawyer from UK Sir Cheryl Redcliff was assigned the task of drawing boundary lines with deadline ending within around 2 weeks of working time.

An impossible task & flaws were natural outcome of such haste full action.

Weeks after 15thAugust 1947, it was not known to people what is the actual boundaries of two new dominions of India & Pakistan formed by Indian Independence Act 1947.

No land of Sindhu included in India, neither Sindh river, nor a state for the Sindhis, it's like a headless chicken with limbs just cut off; so as to construe narrowly!

Partition followed Civil war, bloodbath & turmoil of one of its worst kind in the human history. The eye witness account say death toll was around 40 million & displacement was 120 million on both sides.

Partition of India thus is a complete show of horrific tragedy, nobody anticipated, nobody imagined, nobody envisaged.

It's not only an utter failure but also untimely abortion of a foetus. The offspring, which would have otherwise flourished to be the Superpower in the World or a great force to reckon with by now!

Would like to allege that Partition of India is that conspiracy which prevented India to become the Vishwa Guru by now, but hopes not lost as yet.

Partition of India didn't happen in just Bengal & Punjab as ordinarily perceived but actually, partition happened in an effect major loss to Mother India or भारत माता;

1. Bengal - all fertile delta lost
2. Punjab - all Sind river valley lost
3. Assam - most prosperous Sylhet District lost
4. Kashmir - Fertile lands of Jammu & others lost as in PoK now.

The British therefore very successfully applied the divide & rule policy & latched on to Mohammed Ali Jinnah to perform its objectives.
Needless to mention Mohammed Ali Jinnah's performance in the British articulated objective was more than par excellence than his own record as the counsel of the Bombay High Court.

During the incidence preceding and succeeding the partition of India into two dominions of India & Pakistan, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was made the messiah of the Muslims and was crowned Quaid e Azam – meaning great leader.

He shed his lawyer suit, gown & boots and wore Sherwani, Coat & skull cap. British helped him to become the First Governor General of Pakistan, no elections preceded. British also conspicuously helped Jinnah as a person with money & also as he was never arrested ( as mentioned in previous paras) even for a day during pre-independence period unlike Veer Savarkar etc., who were jailed for years together including in solitary cells of Andaman.(Kalapani) Compared to this Gandhi – Nehru was also not imprisoned beyond Naini, Allahabad & Yerwada-Pune. What a classic co-incidence!
However it is prudent to acknowledge the facts that in the initial days of Independence movement Jinnah advocated for Hindu Mulsim unity and in Lucknow Pact of 1916, he represented Muslim League. In Lahore declaration of 1940, which was later promoted as Pakistan declaration (but in the declaration itself there was no mention of Pakistan name in particular) Hindu Muslim unity was not totally forgotten but due rights of Muslims in India was desired & sought for.

Quaid e Azam, Mohammed Ali Jinnah had made many reversals of his own decisions i.e. change of mind after fully committing to certain principle, cause or finality.

He took fees of gold weighing his own body from the Khan of Kalat and gave status to Princely state of Kalat as an independent sovereign state. This he accomplished after negotiating as the counsel of Kalat with Lord Mountbatten; but soon after partition on 14th August 1947, he ordered Pakistan Army to forcefully occupy Balochistan. On being questioned by Khan of Kalat about the U – turn, he confided that “previously I was your Lawyer, but now I am the Governor General, I am only playing my changed role.”

On 11th August 1947 in the constituent assembly of Pakistan Quaid e Azam declared that Pakistan will be a secular country and freedom of religion shall prevail, this is what LKAdvani refers quite often in TV talk shows & during visit to Jinnah memorial at Karachi in 2005 Advani lavishly praised Jinnah on this very point, but later Jinnah changed his mind & allowed it to become a Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Just before the partition of India Jinnah signed a standstill agreement with Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir to allow Jammu & Kashmir princely state to remain independent & sovereign and Pakistan not only promised never to attack but also provide assistance in various common services like postage etc. that was the agreement, but he changed his mind later & apparently ordered Tribals (Kabailis) supported by Pakistani Army to attack Jammu & Kashmir in 1947. On being asked why there is invasion in Kashmir, he reportedly said; “I don’t know & I don’t want to know.” But complicity is derived as; at that time Rs 300,000 was withdrawn from Pakistani treasury and attack was organised in Kashmir keeping Maharaja & its Kashmiri people in complete darkness. Rs 300,000 in today’s currency value may be 1 Rs = 1 USD in 1947 equals to more than Rs 2 Crores. Maharaja thus had to seek India’s help for protection but had to accede to India as a pre-condition.

Another incident worth mentioning here is giving away Sylhet District of Assam in 1947 to East Bengal. Sylhet was very prosperous & productive district of Assam since 1873. But Jinnah demanded it & agreed for a referendum on the ground that it is a Muslim majority district of Assam.

Whereas for all India scenario Jinnah never accepted the idea of referendum! But if one makes a close observation on the issue the results of referendum; that was 239,619 votes in favour of Pakistan 184,041 votes for Sylhet to remain in Assam or consequently India.
Now in that election Hut & Axe were two boxes there for people were to vote, Hut where ballot paper to go for India, Axe box where ballot will count for Pakistan or East Bengal. Now interesting fact is additionally 123,155 votes were declared invalid & another 197,272 tea estate labourers from 221 tea estates of Sylhet was not allowed to vote. These tea estate labourers had voted in 1946 constituent assembly elections - says Bidyut Chakrabarty Ex Prof of Delhi University in his book. (Ref: http://wwwshodhganga.inflibnet.a...) Link provided below for more details. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.i...[4]

It looks like Sylhet was given away by India by becoming victim of fraud, but whether that was intended or not shall be discussed now. During the Sylhet referendum of June 1947, Indian National Congress or to be more precise Assam Congress didn’t mobilise any canvassing for Sylhet to remain in Assam. Mr Gopinath Bordoloi in private meeting as well in public mentioned Assam’s intention to give away the Sylhet district so that they can get rid of the Sylhetti Bengalis in one go. The chief reason being the Sylhettis were more educated, as English education arrived there earlier than Assam & they were competitors in Gov’t jobs. Futher Sylhettis were a bit adamant to adopt Assamese culture while in Assam unlike Muslims. Hence the slogan Assamese will remain power with Ali(Muslims) & Kulee(Teas estate labourers) & no Bengali.

The idea was that for Assam to have a more homogeneous Assamese speaking population so that political power with the Assamese is ensured. This Gopinath Bordoloi in a Parti pris deal agreed with Nehru & the British. Assam Govt refused to provide additional police force to ensure free & fair elections of the referendum. Muslim league taking advantage of the situation mobilized huge volunteers from across the country & adopted pressure tactics of organized violence & coercion to Hindu voters not to vote and encouraged Muslim voters to ensure voting. There were many incidents of murder and bomb blast in Sylhet prior to the referendum. Complicity of Gopinath Bordoloi was evident from his not taking any interest and not sending adequate police contingents & indirectly ensured that elections are rigged. No Congress leaders visited Sylhet to mobilise support for the Sylhet to remain in India & lastly the invalid votes and the withdrawal of franchise of the tea garden labourers give sufficient circumstantial evidence of surrendering the most prospective district to Pakistan & deprive the Hindus the basic human rights. (Collection of information is based on books by Bidyut Chakrabarty & Prafulla Roy.)

If the partition was on a Hindu Muslim religious lines, then why Hindu majority Districts of Khulna, Jessore, Buddhist majority Chittagong hill tracts, Hindu majority city of Karachi, are they in Pakistan and not India? Why Muslim majority of Malda & Murshidabad of West Bengal are there in India. Why Hyderabad is in India?

Why after partition of India, all Muslims in Hindu majority areas not left for Pakistan en masse? Why Maulana Abul Kalam Azad refused to go to Pakistan inspite being a devout Muslim or never joined Muslim league despite having an Arabic ancestry?

It's because Indian Muslims have rejected Pakistan & it was only the dreams of a few secessionist forces, some Fundamentalist Nawabs from Uttar Pradesh & Bihar were responsible for Partition of India & ill-fated Pakistan.

Maulana Azad was a Indian patriot & he remained in India despite pressure from Jinnah & became first Education Minister in Independent India, it's due to his initiative that we see such centres of excellence in India like IITs – the pride of India.
So what really happened to Quaid e Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who had to overturn many his own decisions from till the time of his death in 1948, only he can probably best answer the question, but all these have great historical impact and it continues to affect the lives of ordinary people of India Pakistan in Kashmir, Assam, Balochistan & the rest, even on date (2018).

Both Hindus & Muslims are equally affected, but one of the conceivable reasons which we could probably circumspect is that would solely vindicate Abraham Lincoln’s 19th century quote, with reference to Quaid e Azam;

“Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power”

Taslima Nasreen tweeted once that due to theocracy, Pakistan is one of the Worst Countries today in the World.

I don't know why Muslims love Jinnah who ate pork, drank alcohol, and didn't know how to pray namaz. The biggest mistake he made by founding a country based on religion. Pakistan is now one of the worst countries in the world.
— taslima nasreen (@taslimanasreen) May 4, 2018

This is the outcome of partition & Pakistan is Bankrupt as well as of date - 2nd Oct 2018 Mahatma Gandhi's 121st Birth Anniversary???
Can we call the situation happy?

[1] Exclusive: For the First Time, a True Copy of Jammu & Kashmir’s Instrument of Accession

[2] Video on Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose by Chandra Kumar Bose https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwuUziM5I94&t=2009s

References: More shall be provided on request being basically an opinion article.

Mohammed Ali Jinnah – little known facts

Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was born (1876) in Karachi to Gujarati parents from Princely State of Gondal, Village Paneli (Kathiawar in Gujarat) in a wealthy merchant community called ‘Khoja’ a Shia sect of Islam. This Community is largely found in the city of Karachi, who is Kutchi people migrated to Karachi during the Suez Canal days with an ambition to prosperity during economic boom then.

Mohammed Ali Jinnah did not know much of Urdu, Hindi or Gujarati but became proficient in English after being qualified as accomplished Barrister at Lincoln’s Inn in England in 1896, youngest Indian at the age of twenty!

The motivation behind sending MA Jinnah to the UK by his father Jinnahbhai Poonja was legal proceeding against him that placed the family's property at risk of being confiscated by the court. The paternal grandfather of Jinnah was Premjibhai Meghji Thakker who was a Kutchi Lohana from Paneli village in the same Gondal state in Kathiawar of Gujarat, historically converted to Muslims after invasion of Muhammed Bin Qasim, later known as Khoja. Interestingly Premjibhai was a Hindu, who made his fortune in fish business. But Premjibhai was soon made outcast in the society to have assumed a non-vegetarian fish business being a vegetarian Hindu. This custom has not yet been eliminated as late in 2015 as we may remember Reliance fresh outlets at Mumbai which used to sell fish had to close shops and relinquish fish business for Ambani being vegetarians. But this happened after Ambani’s own community vehemently objected.

On being qualified as Lawyer Jinnah intended to practice at Karachi where he had his own Khoja community as readymade Clients. So he appeared in an interview with Harchand Rai & Co at Karachi being the leading Law firm but Hindu led. Jinnah was selected but the CTC negotiation failed as Jinnah demanded Rs 100 per month but the miser Hindu Harchand Rai himself denied more than Rs75 a month. Thus on a lighter side, Ram Jethmalani in an interview blamed partition of India on the miser Hindu law firm owner of Karachi rather than anything else & thereafter Jinnah arrived in Bombay High Court to practice, the very first Muslim lawyer, to practice in the High Court of Bombay Presidency in British India.

Jinnah was the Lawyer in Bombay Presidency per excellence and initially never wanted a partition of India. He commanded highest fees and was one of the most respected and sought after counsel.

In 1908 Bal Gangadhar Tilak one of the greatest freedom fighters against the British was arrested for sedition. Before Tilak unsuccessfully represented himself at trial, he engaged Jinnah in an attempt to secure his release on bail. Jinnah did not succeed, but obtained an acquittal for Tilak when he was charged with sedition again in 1916, probably not charged any fees for his service.

Jinnah during the course of his practice in Bombay High court became friends of his clients the “Tatas”. Once Dr. Dinshaw Petit a Tata family member, suggested a visit to Darjeeling to evade summer of Bombay. Jinnah accompanied them but fell in love with Dr. Petit’s daughter Rattenbhai Petit who was 16 year old, way back in 1916 and Jinnah was around 40 then.

Jinnah courted “Ruttie” popularly known as the flower of Bombay in 1918 and got married in absence of anyone from Ruttie’s family, stayed in Bombay in the ‘Jinnah house’ built at a cost of Rs 200,000.(Considering 1USD=1Rupee in 1947 today’s price 1US$ = 72 Rupees works out to Rs1.44 Crs)

Romance amongst Jinnah & Ruttie flourished and they made many overseas travels together. While in Bombay, Jinnah had a silhouette, where Ruttie will travel with her hairs open & flying; but marriage became sour, sooner or later & at one point Ruttie had to move out with her little daughter Dina (Mother of Nusli Wadia – of Bombay Dying fame) to Taj Hotel to avoid confrontation, all these according to many of Jinnah’s biographers.

During the incidence preceding and succeeding the partition of India into two dominions of India & Pakistan, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was made the messiah of the Muslims and was made Quaid e Azam – meaning great leader. He shed his suits & boots and wore Sherwani, Coat & skull cap. British helped him to become the First Governor General of Pakistan, no elections preceded.

Initial days of Independence movement Jinnah advocated for Hindu Mulsim unity and in Lucknow Pact of 1916, he represented Muslim League. In Lahore declaration of 1940, which was later promoted as Pakistan declaration (but in the declaration itself there was no mention of Pakistan name in particular) Hindu Muslim unity was not totally forgotten but due rights of Muslims in India was desired & sought for.

Quaid e Azam, Mohammed Ali Jinnah had made many reversals of his own decisions i.e. change of mind after fully committing to certain principle, cause or finality.

He took fees of gold weighing his own body from the Khan of Kalat and gave status to Princely state as an independent sovereign state. This he accomplished after negotiating as the counsel of Kalat with Lord Mountbatten; but soon after partition on 14th August 1947, he ordered Pakistan Army to forcefully occupy Balochistan. On being questioned by Khan of Kalat about the U – turn, he confided that “previously I was your Lawyer, but now I am the Governor General, I am only playing my changed role.”

On 11th August 1947 in the constituent assembly of Pakistan Quaid e Azam declared that Pakistan will be a secular country and freedom of religion shall prevail, this L K Advani refers quite often in TV talk shows & during visit to Jinnah memorial at Karachi in 2005 Advani lavishly praised Jinnah on this very point, but later Jinnah changed his mind & allowed it to become a Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Just before the partition of India Jinnah signed a standstill agreement with Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir to allow Jammu & Kashmir princely state to remain independent & sovereign and Pakistan not only promised never to attack but also provide assistance in various common services like postage etc. that was the agreement, but he changed his mind later & apparently ordered Tribals (Kabailis) supported by Pakistani Army to attack Jammu & Kashmir in 1947. On being asked why there is invasion in Kashmir, he reportedly said; “I don’t know & I don’t want to know.” But complicity is derived as; at that time Rs 300,000 was withdrawn from Pakistani treasury and attack was organised in Kashmir keeping Maharaja & its Kashmiri people in complete darkness. Rs 300,000 in today’s currency value may be 1 Rs = 1 USD in 1947 equals to more than Rs 2 Crores. Maharaja thus had to seek India’s help for protection but had to accede to India as a pre-condition.

Another incident worth mentioning here is giving away Sylhet District of Assam in 1947 to East Bengal. Sylhet was very prosperous & productive district of Assam since 1873. But Jinnah demanded it & agreed for a referendum on the ground that it is a Muslim majority district of Assam. Whereas for all India scenario Jinnah never accepted the idea of referendum! But if one makes a close observation on the issue the results of referendum; that was 239,619 votes in favour of Pakistan 184,041 votes for Sylhet to remain in Assam or consequently India.

Now in that election Hut & Axe were two boxes there for people were to vote, Hut where ballot paper to go for India, Axe box where ballot will count for Pakistan or East Bengal. Now interesting fact is additionally 123,155 votes were declared invalid & another 197,272 tea estate labourers from 221 tea estates of Sylhet was not allowed to vote. These tea estate labourers had voted in 1946 constituent assembly elections - says Bidyut Chakrabarty Ex Prof of Delhi University in his book. (Ref: wwwshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in) Link provided below for more details.

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/116402/10/10_chapter%202.pdf

It looks like Sylhet was given away by India by becoming victim of fraud, but whether that was intended or not shall be discussed another time, please stay tuned:

So what really happened to Quaid e Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who had to overturn many his own decisions from till the time of his death in 1948, only he can probably best answer the question, but all these have great historical impact and it continues to affect the lives of ordinary people of India Pakistan in Kashmir, Assam, Balochistan & the rest, even on date (2018). One of the conceivable reasons which we could probably circumspect is that would solely vindicate Abraham Lincoln’s 19th century quote;

“Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power”


References: shall be provided on request being basically an opinion article.